Studies of the Senses

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主題 Topic Studies of the Senses
代表作品 TitleTheories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy
作者 AuthorEds. Knuuttila, Simo與Pekka Kärkkäinen
出版社 PublisherSpringer
出版年 Year2008
語言 LanguageEnglish
裝訂 Binding□  平裝 Paperback　　　　■ 精裝 Hardcover
頁數 Pages
ISBN
(10 / 13)		978-1-4240-6124-0
Bibliography Reference (STC, Duff, GW . . .)
來源網址
Web Link		http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/174589307X233530
撰稿者王儀君
撰寫日期 DateNov. 1, 2016

A.   簡介 Introduction (within 500 words, Chinese or English) 

近年歐洲各國興起研究SENSES的風潮；所謂SENSES的研究範圍，按英國倫敦大學的定義，包括以下幾項(http://philosophy.sas.ac.uk/centres/censes):
1.人的感知如何協調配合，或是如何相互影響
2.人的感知與身體的關係透過感官，如何達成認知
3.感官缺憾、感官是否得以取代和延伸用已達成認知
4.認知如何產生
 
既然當代批評可以跨越心理和身體，聯結內心和外在的世界，近年研究中世紀和文藝復興時期的學者開始探索中世紀和現代前期感知世界，已有不少研究的產出。舉例來說，The Five Senses in Medieval and Early Modern England專書之中，有的探究Boethius、Marvels of the East，也有的企圖從彌爾頓的失樂園了解個人和外界的環境。Theories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy更是跨越經驗與理論，將古典時期理論對文藝復興時期的影響容於一書。提出感知理論的早期學者，除柏拉圖、亞里斯多德之外，值得一提的有亞歷山卓的Plotinus，人稱新柏拉圖主義之父。他曾經遠赴波斯，將東西方對人生的詮釋，融合成為至高心靈的哲學思想。至於斯多葛派的大師，從Zeno of Citium (現今的塞浦路斯)到羅馬Seneca的理論，都透露他們對於社會認知和壓力管理的模式。Matthew P. Romaniello和Tricia Starks 所編輯的Russian History through the Senses: From 1700 to the Present，不僅以文化史的角度看社會與官能的建構，篇章內還囊括帝俄時期文化建構的佳餚和聲色場域，以及革命年代中的聽覺政治和殉道相關的集體記憶。
 
近年對於身體失能的研究大幅度的開展，Edward Wheatley 強調，身體感知或智能的欠缺和社會與文化建構有關，畢竟感官是個體對外的窗口(Annette Kern-Stähler 4)。過去的人容易把罪惡強加於具有缺陷的個體，這種現象反映出人類在文化史上不平等的階級建構。

B.   延伸閱讀 Extended Reading 

1.     “Early modern epistemologies of the senses:
from the nobility of sight to the materialism of touch” by Charles Wolfe
(http://sydney.edu.au/science/hps/early_modern_science/publications_and_preprints/Wolfe
_Early_modern_epistemologies.pdf)
Appear in The Senses and Society(Journal)
Published online: 16 Apr 2015
2.     “In Search of Sound: Authenticity, Healing and Redemption in the Early Modern State” by Penelope Gouk
3.     “ Music as a means of social control: some examples of practice and theory in early modern Europe” by Penelope Gouk
 
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-KpSqRDwdf8J:
www.unige.ch/emotionalpowerofmusic/conference/Gouk.doc+&cd=10&hl=
zh-TW&ct=clnk&gl=tw (Please read the full paper through the link)
 
以下段落是Penelope Gouk(Honorary Research Fellow. School of Arts, Histories and Cultures. University of Manchester)在文內討論相關法國禁止糜糜之音的歷史
 
It is against this background that we can see the sense of the French king Henri II in banning public singing of psalms in 1558 because they had achieved the status of insurrectionary hymns. By way of countering these practices Catholics became accustomed to sing the Te Deum to celebrate local victories of their own. The danger posed to the status quo by psalm singing can be shown with particular reference to Lyon, which was a nexus of tensions between a Catholic majority and Huguenot minority during this period. In Lyon in 1564 a royal ordinance of Charles IX made the singing of 'dissolute songs' punishable by death, an action that was originally directed against Huguenot psalms, but soon came to have a wider application. In these early days of print culture the oral tradition of singing and crying the news elaborated in print was also a potentially disruptive force. As Kate van Orden puts it, 'Through the expulsion or execution of vagrants, gamblers and blasphemers, Charles IX hoped to cleanse the body politic in a process that emphasizes song as a transmitter of social disease and religious unrest'.[11]
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