The Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1154

主題 Topic	English Chronicles, the Reign of King Stephen, Civil War
書刊名 Title	The Peterborough Chronicle 1070-1154
作者 Author	the Benedictine monks of Peterborough Abbey / Cecily Clark (Editor)
出版社 Publisher	Oxford University Press
出版年 Year	1970
語言 Language	Middle English: East Midland dialect
裝訂 Binding	□ 平裝 Paperback　　　　□ 精裝 Hardcover
頁數 Pages	120
ISBN (10 / 13)	0  198111363 / 978-0198111368
Bibliography Reference	(STC, Duff, GW . . .)
來源網址 Web Link	http://members.optus.net/englesaxe/texts/peterborough_37.html
劇本簡介撰稿者	王明月、蔡幸紋
撰寫日期 Date	2015.08.08

A.   簡介 Introduction (within 100 words, Chinese or English)

《彼得堡編年史》（The Peterborough Chronicle）為流傳於西元九世紀至十一世紀間寫成之《盎格魯．薩克遜編年史》（The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles）的中世紀英文複寫稿之一，由彼得堡地區的聖本篤會修道院僧侶以英格蘭中部以東地區中世紀英文方言謄寫而成。語言保留許多斯堪地那維亞半島語言特色。記載年間約始於1121年至1155年。關於英格蘭1066年諾曼第公爵威廉大公征服大不列顛島之後的王室紛爭以及繼位之爭，《彼得堡編年史》提供了詳細的記載，描述每一年間的政治事件。特別的是，編年史中記載1137年大不列顛島上國王史帝芬與其叔父上任國王亨利一世（威廉大公之繼位者）的支持者之間長達十九年的鬥爭。《彼得堡編年史》的僧侶作者們描述因內戰動亂，島內民不聊生、作物不豐等慘況。關於1137年的記載更添加了關於當時叛亂者到處燒殺擄掠以及施加於敵對者之酷刑，不但凸顯戰爭殘酷，作者更以悲憫口吻問道「對於這十九年間人間一切的苦難，主耶穌與聖徒們是否都睡著了，為何看不見呢？」。特別的是，由於編寫此編年史的作者為聖本篤修道院僧侶之故，此編年史因此亦記載了關於修道院的軼事以及宗教奇蹟。例如緊接1137年描述史蒂芬王與貴族叛亂者十九年的紛爭之後，編年史內容轉而描述一位名為威廉的修道院長振興修院與改善住在修院周遭貧苦的人民生活的事件。其後，編年史又轉而提及聖徒馬丁的奇蹟。《彼得堡編年史》記載包含十二世紀晚期的英格蘭歷史、修道院生活與基督宗教的神蹟，讓這部原為複製《盎格魯．薩克遜編年史》的作品獨立發展為與原始稿截然不同的作品。

B.   文本摘錄 Extracts (4-6 Pages)

1137 Ðis gære for þe king Stephne ofer sæ to Normandi & ther wes underfangen forþi ðæt hi uuenden ðæt he sculde ben alsuic alse the eom wes. & for he hadde get his tresor. ac he todeld it & scatered sotlice. Micel hadde Henri king gadered gold & syluer. & na god ne dide me for his saule thar of.
 
Þa þe king Stephne to Englalande com þa macod he his gadering æt Oxeneford. & þar he nam þe biscop Roger of Sereberi & Alexander biscop of Lincol & te Canceler Roger hise neues. & dide ælle in prisun. til hi iafen up here castles.
Þa the suikes undergæton ðæt he milde man was & softe & god. & na iustise ne dide. þa diden hi alle wunder. Hi hadden him manred maked & athes suoren. ac hi nan treuthe ne heolden. Alle he wæron forsworen & here treothes forloren. for æuric riceman his castles makede & agænes him heolden. & fylden þe land ful of castles.
Hi suencten suyðe þe uurecce men of þe land mid castelweorces þa þe castles uuaren maked þa fylden hi mid deoules & yuele men. Þa namen hi þa men þe hi wenden ðæt ani god hefden. bathe be nihtes & be dæies. carlmen & wimmen. & diden heom in prisun efter gold & syluer. & pined heom. untellendlice pining. for ne uuæren næure nan martyrs swa pined alse hi wæron.
 
Me henged up bi the fet & smoked heom. mid ful smoke. Me henged bi the þumbes. other bi the hefed. & hengen bryniges on her fet. Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here hæued. & uurythen to ðæt it gæde to þe hærnes. Hi dyden heom in quarterne þar nadres & snakes & pades wæron inne. & drapen heom swa.
Sume hi diden in crucethus ðæt is in an cæste þat was scort & nareu. & un dep. & dide scærpe stanes þerinne. & þrengde þe man þærinne. ðæt him bræcon alle þe limes. 

In mani of þe castles wæron lof & grin. ðæt wæron rachenteges ðæt twa oþer thre men hadden onoh to bæron onne. Þat was sua maced. ðæt is fæstned to an beom. & diden an scærp iren abuton þa mannes throte & his hals. ðæt he ne myhte nowiderwardes. ne sitten ne lien ne slepen. oc bæron al ðæt iren. Mani þusen hi drapen mid hungær.
 
I ne can ne i ne mai tellen alle þe wunder ne alle þe pines ðæt hi diden wreccemen on þis land. & ðæt lastede þa [xix] wintre wile Stephne was king & æure it was uuerse & uuerse. Hi læiden gæildes on the tunes æure um wile & clepeden it tenserie. Þa þe uurecce men ne hadden nan more to gyuen. þa ræueden hi & brendon alle the tunes. ðæt wel þu myhtes faren all adæis fare sculdest thu neure finden man in tune sittende. ne land tiled. Þa was corn dære. & flec & cæse & butere. for nan ne wæs o þe land. Wreccemen sturuen of hungær. sume ieden on ælmes þe waren sum wile ricemen. sume flugen ut of lande.
 
Wes næure gæt mare wreccehed on land. ne næure hethen men werse ne diden þan hi diden. For ouersithon ne for baren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd. oc namen al þe god ðæt þarinne was. & brenden sythen þe cyrce & altegædere. Ne hi ne forbaren biscop land ne abbod ne preostes. ac ræueden munekes & clerekes. & æuric man other þe ouermyhte. Gif twa men oþer iii coman ridend to an tun. al þe tunscipe flugæn for heom. wenden ðæt hi wæron ræueres. Þe biscopes & lered men heom cursede æure. oc was heom naht þar of. for hi uueron al forcursæd & forsuoren & forloren.
 
Warsæ me tilede. þe erthe ne bar nan corn. for þe land was al fordon. mid suilce dædes. & hi sæden openlice ðæt Crist slep. & his halechen. Suilc & mare þanne we cunnen sæin. we þolenden xix wintre for ure sinnes.