“Patience” selected in Using TACT and Electronic Texts: Text-Analysis Computing Tools Vers. 2.1 for MS-DOS and PC DOS, by I. Lancashire, in collaboration with J. Bradley, W. McCarty, M. Stairs, and T. R. Wooldridge

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文本簡介
研究議題
書評
主題 Topic Beatitude, exemplum
書刊名 Title“Patience”selected in Using TACT and Electronic Texts: Text-Analysis Computing Tools Vers. 2.1 for MS-DOS and PC DOS, by I. Lancashire, in collaboration with J. Bradley, W. McCarty, M. Stairs, and T. R. Wooldridge 
作者 AuthorPearl Poet; Gary Shawver, ed. 
出版社 PublisherNew York: Modern Language Association of America
出版年 Year1996
語言 Language英文
裝訂 Binding□ 平裝 Paperback　　　　□ 精裝 Hardcover
頁數 PagesCD-ROM
ISBN
(10 / 13)
Bibliography Reference  (STC, Duff, GW . . .)
來源網址
Web Link		http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/patience
劇本簡介撰稿者王明月、蔡幸紋
撰寫日期 Date2016.08.27

A.   簡介 Introduction (within 100 words, Chinese or English)

    《耐心》（Patience）蒐錄在大英圖書館珍藏的唯一一部手抄本編號 Cotton Nero A.x., 完成於1400年間。該手抄本中另外蒐錄抄寫了其他三部作品，分別是《潔淨》(Cleanness)、《珍珠》(Pearl)以及《高文騎士與綠騎士》(Sir Gawain and the Green knight)。由於此四部作品皆以英格蘭中西北部方言（North-West Milands）寫成、皆為押頭韻詩體（alliteration），又因蒐錄在唯一一部手抄本中，因此被認為是同一作者寫成；作者被稱為「珍珠詩人」（Pearl Poet）或者「高文詩人」（Gawain Poet）。本文本主要探討耐心，強調堅忍為耐心的不二法門；作品講述舊約聖經故事「約拿書」（The Book of Jonah）做為「耐心」美德的主要例證故事（exemplum）。特別的是，本作品與舊約聖經故事裡的約拿的故事呈現方式迥異，更與中世紀晚期重述約拿書的宗教訓誡文類截然不同。本作品細膩描寫約拿不服從上帝旨意時的心理以及情感表達，細膩勾勒上帝要約拿去尼尼微大城（Ninevites）警告該城將毀滅一事的始末。約拿抗旨而連夜奔逃，其心中的焦慮與恐懼等聖經所沒有的人性心理細節皆能在本作品中看到。約拿被水手扔進大海，並且在被鯨魚吞噬腹中時連續禱告三天三夜，其懺悔時深悟悔過，所流的淚水顯示精神上的苦痛，以及上帝的無盡恩惠與寬容（而非上帝之怒）。此作品以人性為作品核心之主旨，以細膩複雜的人類情感表達豐富了宗教例證故事的人文底蘊。

B.   文本摘錄 Extracts (4-6 Pages)

1Pacience is a poynt, Þa3 hit displese ofte.
2When heuy herttes ben hurt wyth heÞyng oÞer elles,
3Suffraunce may aswag[en] hem & Þe swleme leÞe,
4For ho quelles vche a qued & quenches malyce;
5For quoso suffer cowÞe syt, sele wolde fol3e,
6& quo for Þro may no3t Þole, Þe Þikker he sufferes.
7Þen is better to abyde Þe bur vmbestoundes
8Þen ay Þrow forth my Þro, Þa3 me Þynk ylle.
9I herde on a halyday, at a hy3e masse,
10How Mathew melede Þat his Mayster His meyny con teche.
11A3t happes He hem hy3t & vcheon a mede,
12Sunderlupes, for hit dissert, vpon a ser wyse:
13Thay arn happen Þat han in hert pouerte,
14For hores is Þe heuen-ryche to holde for euer;
15Þay ar happen also Þat haunte mekenesse,
16For Þay schal welde Þis worlde & alle her wylle haue;
17Thay ar happen also Þat for her harme wepes,
18For Þay schal comfort encroche in kythes ful mony;
19Þay ar happen also Þat hungeres after ry3t,
20For Þay schal frely be refete ful of alle gode;
21Thay ar happen also Þat han in hert rauÞe,
22For mercy in alle maneres her mede schal worÞe;
23Þay ar happen also Þat arn of hert clene,
24For Þay her Sauyour in sete schal se with her y3en;
25Thay ar happen also Þat halden her pese,
26For Þay Þe gracious Godes sunes schal godly be called;
27Þay ar happen also Þat con her hert stere,
28For hores is Þe heuen-ryche, as I er sayde.
29These arn Þe happes alle a3t Þat vus bihy3t weren,
30If we Þyse ladyes wolde lof in lyknyng of Þewes:
31Dame Pouert, Dame Pitee, Dame Penaunce Þe Þrydde,
32Dame Mekenesse, Dame Mercy, & miry Clannesse,
33& Þenne Dame Pes, & Pacyence put in Þerafter.
34He were happen Þat hade one; alle were Þe better.
35Bot [s]yn I am put to a poynt Þat pouerte hatte,
36I schal me poruay pacyence & play me with boÞe,
37For in Þe tyxte Þere Þyse two arn in teme layde,
38Hit arn fettled in on forme, Þe forme & Þe laste,
39& by quest of her quoyntyse enquylen on mede.
40& als, in myn vpynyoun, hit arn of on kynde:
41For Þeras pouert hir proferes ho nyl be put vtter,
42Bot lenge wheresoeuer hir lyst, lyke oÞer greme;
43& Þereas pouert enpresses, Þa3 mon pyne Þynk,
44Much, maugre his mun, he mot nede suffer;
45Thus pouerte & pacyence arn nedes playferes.
46SyÞen I am sette with hem samen, suffer me byhoues;
47Þenne is me ly3tloker hit lyke & her lotes prayse,
48Þenne wyÞer wyth & be wroth & Þe wers haue.
493if me be dy3t a destyne due to haue,
50What dowes me Þe dedayn, oÞer dispit make?
51OÞer 3if my lege lorde lyst on lyue me to bidde
52OÞer to ryde oÞer to renne to Rome in his ernde,
53What grayÞed me Þe grychchyng bot grame more seche?
54Much 3if he me ne made, maugref my chekes,
55& Þenne Þrat moste I Þole & vnÞonk to mede,
56Þe had bowed to his bode bongre my hyure.
57Did not Jonas in Jude suche jape sumwhyle?
58To sette hym to sewrte, vnsounde he hym feches.
59Wyl 3e tary a lyttel tyne & tent me a whyle,
60I schal wysse yow Þerwyth as holy wryt telles.
61Hit bitydde sumtyme in Þe termes of Jude,
62Jonas joyned watz Þerinne Jentyle prophete;
63Goddes glam to hym glod Þat hym vnglad made,
64With a roghlych rurd rowned in his ere:
65'Rys radly,' He says, '& rayke forth euen;
66Nym Þe way to Nynyue wythouten oÞer speche,
67& in Þat cete My sa3es soghe alle aboute,
68Þat in Þat place, at Þe poynt, I put in Þi hert.
69For iwysse hit arn so wykke Þat in Þat won dowellez
70& her malys is so much, I may not abide,
71Bot venge Me on her vilanye & venym bilyue;
72Now swe3e Me Þider swyftly & say Me Þis arende.'
73When Þat steuen watz stynt Þat stown[e]d his mynde,
74Al he wrathed in his wyt, & wyÞerly he Þo3t:
75'If I bowe to His bode & bryng hem Þis tale,
76& I be nummen in Nuniue, my nyes begynes:
77He telles me Þose traytoures arn typped schrewes;
78I com wyth Þose tyÞynges, Þay ta me bylyue,
79Pynez me in a prysoun, put me in stokkes,
80WryÞe me in a warlok, wrast out myn y3en.
81Þis is a meruayl message a man for to preche
82Amonge enmyes so mony & mansed fendes,
83Bot if my gaynlych God such gref to me wolde,
84Fo[r] desert of sum sake Þat I slayn were.
85At alle peryles,' quoÞ Þe prophete, 'I aproche hit no nerre.
86I wyl me sum oÞer waye Þat He ne wayte after;
87I schal tee into Tarce & tary Þere a whyle,
88& ly3tly when I am lest He letes me alone.'
89Þenne he ryses radly & raykes bilyue,
90Jonas toward port Japh, ay janglande for tene
91Þat he nolde Þole for noÞyng non of Þose pynes,
92Þa3 Þe Fader Þat hym formed were fale of his hele.
93'Oure Syre syttes,' he says, 'on sege so hy3e
94In His g[lo]wande glorye, & gloumbes ful lyttel
95Þa3 I be nummen in Nunniue & naked dispoyled,
96On rode rwly torent with rybaudes mony.'
97Þus he passes to Þat port his passage to seche,
98Fyndes he a fayr schyp to Þe fare redy,
99Maches hym with Þe maryneres, makes her paye
100For to towe hym into Tarce as tyd as Þay my3t.
101Then he tron on Þo tres, & Þay her tramme ruchen,
102Cachen vp Þe crossayl, cables Þay fasten,
103Wi3t at Þe wyndas we3en her ankres,
104Spende spak to Þe sprete Þe spare bawelyne,
105Gederen to Þe gyde-ropes, Þe grete cloÞ falles,
106Þay layden in on laddeborde, & Þe lofe wynnes,
107Þe blyÞe breÞe at her bak Þe bosum he fyndes;
108He swenges me Þys swete schip swefte fro Þe hauen.
109Watz neuer so joyful a Jue as Jonas watz Þenne,
110Þat Þe daunger of Dry3tyn so derfly ascaped;
111He wende wel Þat Þat Wy3 Þat al Þe world planted
112Hade no ma3t in Þat mere no man for to greue.
113Lo, Þe wytles wrechche! For he wolde no3t suffer,
114Now hatz he put hym in plyt of peril wel more.
115Hit watz a wenyng vnwar Þat welt in his mynde,
116Þa3 he were so3t fro Samarye, Þat God se3 no fyrre.
1173ise, He blusched ful brode: Þat burde hym by sure;
118Þat ofte kyd hym Þe carpe Þat kyng sayde,
119Dyngne Dauid on des Þat demed Þis speche
120In a psalme Þat he set Þe sauter withinne:
121'O folez in folk, felez oÞerwhyle
122& vnderstondes vmbestounde, Þa3 he be stape fole,
123Hope 3e Þat He heres not Þat eres alle made?
124Hit may not be Þat He is blynde Þat bigged vche y3e.'
125Bot he dredes no dynt Þat dotes for elde.
126For he watz fer in Þe flod foundande to Tarce,
127Bot I trow ful tyd ouertan Þat he were,
128So Þat schomely to schort he schote of his ame.
129For Þe Welder of wyt Þat wot alle Þynges,
130Þat ay wakes & waytes, at wylle hatz He sly3tes
131He calde on Þat ilk crafte He carf with His hondes;
132Þay wakened wel Þe wroÞeloker for wroÞely He cleped:
133'Ewrus & Aquiloun Þat on est sittes
134Blowes boÞe at My bode vpon blo watteres.'
135Þenne watz no tom Þer bytwene His tale & her dede,
136So bayn wer Þay boÞe two His bone for to wyrk.
137Anon out of Þe norÞ-est Þe noys bigynes,
138When boÞe breÞes con blowe vpon blo watteres.
139Ro3 rakkes Þer ros with rudnyng anvnder;
140Þe see sou3ed ful sore, gret selly to here;
141Þe wyndes on Þe wonne water so wrastel togeder
142Þat Þe wawes ful wode waltered so hi3e
143& efte busched to Þe abyme, Þat breed fysches
144Durst nowhere for ro3 arest at Þe bothem.
145When Þe breth & Þe brok & Þe bote metten,
146Hit watz a joyles gyn Þat Jonas watz inne,
147For hit reled on roun vpon Þe ro3e yÞes.
148Þe bur ber to hit baft, Þat braste alle her gere,
149Þen hurled on a hepe Þe helme & Þe sterne;
150Furst tomurte mony rop & Þe mast after;
151Þe sayl sweyed on Þe see, Þenne suppe bihoued
152Þe coge of Þe [co]lde water, & Þenne Þe cry ryses.
1533et coruen Þay Þe cordes & kest al Þeroute;
154Mony ladde Þer forth lep to laue & to kest,
155Scopen out Þe scaÞel water Þat fayn scape wolde,
156For be monnes lode neuer so luÞer, Þe lyf is ay swete.
157Þer watz busy ouer borde bale to kest,
158Her bagges & her feÞer-beddes & her bry3t wedes,
159Her kysttes & her coferes, her caraldes alle,
160& al to ly3ten Þat lome, 3if leÞe wolde schape.
161Bot euer watz ilyche loud Þe lot of Þe wyndes,
162& euer wroÞer Þe water & wodder Þe stremes.
163Þen Þo wery forwro3t wyst no bote,
164Bot vchon glewed on his god Þat gayned hym beste:
165Summe to Vernagu Þer vouched avowes solemne,
166Summe to Diana deuout & derf Nepturne,
167To Mahoun & to Mergot, Þe mone & Þe sunne,
168& vche lede as he loued & layde had his hert.
169Þenne bispeke Þe spakest, dispayred wel nere:
170'I leue here be sum losynger, sum lawles wrech,
171Þat hatz greued his god & gotz here amonge vus.
172Lo, al synkes in his synne & for his sake marres.
173I lovue Þat we lay lotes on ledes vchone,
174& whoso lympes Þe losse, lay hym Þeroute;
175& quen Þe gulty is gon, what may gome trawe
176Bot He Þat rules Þe rak may rwe on Þose oÞer?'
177Þis watz sette in asent, & sembled Þay were,
178Her3ed out of vche hyrne to hent Þat falles.
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