Layamon’s Brut

主題 Topic	English Chronicle, Alliteration, Arthurian Literature
書刊名 Title	Layamon’s Brut
作者 Author	G. F. Brook and R. F. Leslie (Editors)
出版社 Publisher	Oxford University Press, Early English Text Society
出版年 Year	1963
語言 Language	Middle English: West Midland dialect
裝訂 Binding	□ 平裝 Paperback　　　　□ 精裝 Hardcover
頁數 Pages	428
ISBN (10 / 13)	ISBN-10: 0197222501 ISBN-13: 978-0197222508
Bibliography Reference	(STC, Duff, GW . . .)
來源網址 Web Link	http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cme;idno=LayCal
劇本簡介撰稿者	王明月、蔡幸紋
撰寫日期 Date	2015.08.24

A.   簡介 Introduction (within 100 words, Chinese or English)

西元1136年，詩人蒙茅斯的喬佛瑞（Geoffrey of Monmouth）以拉丁文撰寫《不列顛帝王史》（ Historia Regum Britania, circa 1136），記載大不列顛島帝王史記，由傳說中不列顛最初的創立者布魯特斯(Brutus)的歷史開始記載(布魯特斯傳說是羅馬史詩英雄依尼伊斯的後裔)一直紀錄到大不列顛最後一位君主卡沃拉德（Cadwallader）棄守大不列顛島，之後不列顛島為撒克遜人所佔領。眾多君王中，最為著名的君主便是亞瑟王。1155年，來自諾曼第的詩人瓦思（Wace）以諾曼第地區的古法文方言及十音節對仗詩句的型態改寫蒙茅斯的喬佛瑞的《不列顛帝王史》，編成《布魯特傳奇》（Roman de Brut）。本作品《布魯特》（Brut）是十三世紀初期的一位教區牧師拉亞蒙（Layamon）以英格蘭中部以西地區中世紀英語方言改寫瓦思的《布魯特傳奇》而成。相較於拉丁文及古法文版本 (即《不列顛帝王史》、《布魯特作品》) ，拉亞蒙的《布魯特》 中世紀英文版本刻意避免使用法文挪用字，而且大量保留英格蘭渥斯特郡地區的方言及盎格魯撒克遜詩體押頭韻的韻腳，使得這部詩作的語言文字十分古樸，幾乎貼近於英格蘭早期盎格魯撒克遜時期的古英文。特別的是，拉亞蒙的《布魯特》亦模仿拉丁文作者如維吉爾撰寫英雄史詩所使用的史詩明喻（epic/ heroic simile）文學手法，以雄渾高雅的手筆描述大不列顛君王們的戰功以及美德。這部英雄詩體帝王史記在中世紀英國文學史與語言史具有極高的歷史價值。

B.   文本摘錄 Extracts (4-6 Pages)

The story about how King Arthur defeated the German invaders and  fought against the Saxons
 
Lines 10534-10706
 
Þa comen tidende; to Arðure þan kinge.      10535
þat seoc wes Howel his mæi; þer-fore he wes sari.
i Clud ligginde; & þer he hine bilæfde.      10537
Hiȝenliche swiðe; forð he gon liðe.      10538
þat he bihalues Ba[ð]e; beh to ane uelde.      10539
þer he alihte; & his cnihtes alle.      10540
and on mid heore burnen; beornes sturne.      10541
& he a fif dæle; dælde his ferde.      10542
Þa he hafde al iset; and al hit isemed.      10543
þa dude he on his burne; ibroide of stele.      10544
þe makede on aluisc smið; mid aðelen his crafte.      10545
he wes ihaten Wygar; þe Witeȝe wurhte.      10546
His sconken he helede; mid hosen of stele.      10547
Calibeorne his sweor[d]; he sweinde bi his side.      10548
hit wes iworht in Aualun; mi[d] wiȝele-fulle craften.      10549
Halm he set on hafde; hæh of stele.      10550
þer-on wes moni ȝim-ston; al mid golde bi-gon.      10551
he wes V[ð]eres; þas aðelen kinges.      10552
he wes ihaten Goswhit; ælchen oðere vnilic.      10553
He heng an his sweore; ænne sceld deore.      10554
his nome wes on Bruttisc; Pridwen ihaten.      10555
þer wes innen igrauen; mid rede golde stauen.      10556
an on-licnes deore; of Drihtenes moder.      10557
His spere he nom an honde; þa Ron wes ihaten.      10558
Þa he hafden al his i-weden; þa leop he on his steden.      10559
Þa he mihte bihalden; þa bihalues stoden.      10560
þene uæireste cniht; þe verde scolde leden.      10561
ne isæh næuere na man; selere cniht nenne.      10562
þene him wes Arður; aðelest cunnes.      10563
Þa cleopede Arður; ludere stæfne.      10564
Lou war her biforen us; heðene hundes;      10565
þe sloȝen ure alderen; mid luðere heore craften.      10566
and heo us beoð on londe; læðest alre þinge.      10567
Nu fusen we hom to; & stærcliche heom leggen on.      10568
& wræken wunder-liche; ure cun & ure riche.      10569
& wreken þene muchele scome; þat heo us i-scend habbeoð.      10570
þat heo ouer vðen; comen to Derte-muðen.      10571
& alle heo beoð for-sworene; & alle heo beoð for-lorene.      10572
heo beoð for-demed alle mid Driht%tenes fulste.
 
Fuse we nu forð-ward; uaste to-somne.      10574
æfne al swa softe; swa we nan ufel ne þohten.      10575
and þenne we heom cumeð to; mi-seolf ic wullen on-fon.      10576
an alre freomeste; þat fiht ich wulle big[i]nnen.      10577
Nu we scullen riden. and ouer lond gliden.      10578
and na man bi his liue; lude ne wurchen.      10579
ah faren fæstliche; Drihten us fulsten.      10580
Þa riden agon; Arður þe riche mon.      10581
beh ouer wælde; & Baðe wolde isechen.      10582
Þa tidende com to Childriche; þan strongen & þan richen.      10583
þat Arður mid ferde com; al ȝaru to fihte.      10584
Childric & his ohte men; leopen heom to horsen.      10585
igripen heore wepnen; heo wusten heom ifæied.      10586
Þis isæh Arður; aðelest kinge.      10587
isæh he ænne. hæðene eorl. hælden him to-ȝeines.      10588
mid seouen hundred. cnihten; al ȝærewe to fihten.      10589
Þe orl him-seolf ferde; bi-foren al his genge.      10590
& Arður him-seolf arnde; bi-uoren al his ferde.      10591
Arður þe ræie; Ron nom an honde.      10592
he stræhte scaft stærcne; stiðimoden king.      10593
his hors he lette irnen; þat þa eorðe dune((de)).      10594
Sceld he braid on breosten; þe king wes abolȝen.      10595
he smat Borel þene eorl; þurh-ut þa breosten.      10596
þat þæ heorte to-chan; and þe king cleopede anan.      10597
Þe formeste is fæie; nu fulsten us Drihte.      10598
and þa hefen-liche quene; þa Drihten akende.      10599
Þa cleopede Arður; aðelest kinge.      10600
Nu heom to nu heom to; þat formest is wel idon.      10601
Bruttes hom leiden on; swa me scal a luðere don.      10602
heo bittere swipen ȝefuen; mid axes & mid sweordes;      10603
Þer feolle Cheldriches men; fulle twa þusend.      10604
swa neuere Arður ne les; næuere ænne of his.      10605
þer weoren Sæxisce men; folken alre ærmest.      10606
& þa Alemainisce men; ȝeomerest alre leoden.      10607
Arður mid his sweorde; fæie-scipe wurhte.      10608
al þat he smat to; hit wes sone for-don.      10609
Al wæs þe king abolȝen; swa bið þe wilde bar.      10610
þenne he i þan mæste; monie [swin] imeteð.
 
Þis isæh Childric; & gon him to charren.      10612
& beh him ouer Auene; to burȝen him-seoluen.      10613
and Arður him læc to; swa hit a liun weoren.      10614
& fusde heom to flode; monie þer weoren fæie.      10615
þer sunken to þan grunde; fif & twenti hundred.      10616
þa al wes Auene stram; mid stele ibrugged.      10617
Cheldric ouer þat wate[r] flæh; mid fif-tene hundred cnihten.      10618
þohte forð siðen; & ouer sæ liðen.      10619
Arður isæh Colgrim; climben to munten.      10620
buȝen to þan hulle; þa ouer Baðen stondeð.      10621
& Baldulf beh him after. mid seoue þusend cnihtes.      10622
heo þohten i þan hulle; hæhliche at-stonden.      10623
weorien heom mid wepnen; & Arð((ur)) awæmmen.      10624
Þa isæh Arður; aðelest kingen.      10625
whar Colgrim at-stod; & æc stal wrohte.      10626
þa clupede þe king; kenliche lude.      10627
Balde mine þeines; buhȝeð to þan hulles.      10628
For ȝerstendæi wes Colgrim; monnen alre ken%nest.      10629
nu him is al swa þere gat; þer he þene hul wat.      10630
hæh uppen hulle; fehteð mid hornen.      10631
þenne come[ð] þe wlf wilde; touward hire winden.      10632
Þeh þe wulf beon ane; buten ælc imane.      10633
& þer weoren in ane loken. fif hundred gaten.      10634
þe wulf heom to iwiteð; and alle heom abiteð.      10635
Swa ich wulle nu to-dæi; Colgrim. al fordemen.      10636
ich am wulf & he is gat. þe gume scal beon fæie.      10637
Þa ȝet c[l]eopede Arður; aðelest kingen.      10638
Ȝurstendæi wes Baldulf; cnihten alre baldest.      10639
nu he stant on hulle; & Auene bi-haldeð.      10640
hu ligeð i þan stræme; stelene fisces.      10641
mid sweorde bi-georede; heore sund is awemmed.      10642
heore scalen wleoteð; swulc gold-faȝe sceldes.      10643
þer fleoteð heore spiten; swulc hit spæren weoren.      10644
Þis beoð seolcuðe þing; isiȝen to þissen londe.      10645
swulche deor an hulle; swulche fisces in wælle.      10646
Ȝurstendæi wes þe kaisere; ken%nest alre kingen.      10647
nu he is bicumen hunte; & hornes him fulieð.
 
flihð ouer bradne wæld; beorkeð his hundes.      10649
he hafeð bihalues Baðen; his huntinge bilæfued.      10650
freom his deore he flicð; we hit scullen fallen.      10651
and his balde ibeot; to nohte ibringen.      10652
and swa we scullen bruken; rihte bi-ȝæten      10653
Efne þan worde; þa þe king seide.      10654
he bræid hæȝe his sceld forn to his breosten;      10655
he igrap his spere longe; his hors he gon spurie.      10656
Neh al swa swi[ðe] swa þe fuȝel fliȝeð.      10657
fuleden þan kinge; fif and twenti þusend.      10658
whitere monnen; wode under wepnen.      10659
hælden to hulle; mid hæhȝere strengðe.      10660
and uppen Colgrime smiten; mid swiðe smærte biten;      10661
And ((Colgrim)) heom þer hente; and feolde þa Bruttes to grunde.      10662
i þan uormeste ræse; fulle fif hundred.      10663
Þat isæh Arður; aðelest kingen;      10664
and wrað him iwræððed; wunder ane swiðe.      10665
and þus cleopien a-gon; Arður þe hæhȝe man.      10666
War beo ȝe Bruttes. balde mine beornes.      10667
Her stondeð us biuoren; vre ifan alle icoren.      10668
gumen mine gode; legge we heom to grunde.      10669
Arður igrap his sweord riht; & he smat ænne Sexise cniht.      10670
þat þat sweord ((þat)) wes swa god; æt þan toþen at-stod.      10671
& he smat enne oðer; þat wes þas cnihtes broðer;      10672
þat his halm & his hæfd; halden to grunde.      10673
þene þridde dunt he sone ȝaf; & enne cniht atwa clæf.      10674
Þa weoren Bruttes; swiðe ibalded.      10675
& leiden o þan Sæxen; læȝen swi[ðe] stronge.      10676
mid heore speren longe; and mid sweoreden swiðe stronge.      10677
Sexes þer uullen; & fæie-sih makeden.      10678
bi hundred bi hundred; hælden to þan grunde.      10679
bi þusund & bi þusend; þer feollen æuere in þene grund.      10680
Þa iseh Colgrim; wær Arður com tou-ward him.      10681
ne mihte Colgrim for þan wæle; fleon a nare side.      10682
þer fæht Baldulf; bi-siden his broðer.      10683
Þa cleopede Arður; ludere stefne.      10684
Her ich cume Colgrim; to cuððen wit scullen ræchen.      10685
nu wit scullen þis lond dalen; swa þe bið alre laððest
 
Æfne þan worde; þa þe king sæide.      10687
his brode swærd he up ahof; and hærdliche adun sloh.      10688
and smat Colgrimes hælm; þat he a-midde to-clæf.      10689
and þere burne hod; þat hit at þe breoste at-stod.      10690
And he sweinde touward Baldulfe; mid his swiðren honde.      10691
& swipte þat hæfued of; forð mid þan helme.      10692
Þa loh Arður; þe aðele king.      10693
and þus ȝeddien agon; mid gomenfulle worden.      10694
Lien nu þere Colgrim; þu were i-clumben haȝe;      10695
and Baldulf þi bro[ð]er lið bi þire side.      10696
nu ich al þis kine-lond; sette an eower ahȝere hond.      10697
dales & dunes; & al mi drihtliche uolc.      10698
Þu clumbe a þissen hulle; wunder ane hæȝe;      10699
swulc þu woldest to hæuene; nu þu scalt to hælle.      10700
þer þu miht kenne; muche of þine cunne.      10701
And gret þu þer Hengest; þe cnihten wes faȝerest.      10702
Ebissa & Ossa. Octa & of þine cunne ma;      10703
and bide heom þer wunie; wintres & sumeres.      10704
& we scul%len on londe; libben in blisse.      10705
bidden for eower saulen; þat sel ne wurðen heom nauære.      10706