Ancrene Wisse

主題 Topic	Vices and Virtues of Marriage, Sexuality
書刊名 Title	Ancrene Wisse
作者 Author	Robert Hasenfratz (Editor)
出版社 Publisher	TEAMS Middle English Texts (Medieval Institute Publications, West Michigan University)
出版年 Year	2000
語言 Language	Middle English: South-West Midland dialect
裝訂 Binding	□ 平裝 Paperback　　　　□ 精裝 Hardcover
頁數 Pages	692
ISBN (10 / 13)	1580440703/ 978-1580440707
Bibliography Reference	(STC, Duff, GW . . .)
來源網址 Web Link	http://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/publication/ hasenfratz-ancrene-wisse
劇本簡介撰稿者	王明月、蔡幸紋
撰寫日期 Date	2015.08.03

A.   簡介 Introduction (within 100 words, Chinese or English)

《隱修女子規戒》一書於英國十三世紀中期以英格蘭中部西南地帶方言寫成。中世紀時期貴族女子可經由家族捐獻以及建蓋私人修道院所（非正規教會修院體系）選擇隱修的生活方式，以規避婚姻生養子女等總總社會束縛。《隱修女子規戒》內容紀錄的正是一位奧古斯丁會或者道明會修士寫給住在英國伍斯特或者威爾斯一帶的三位俗世隱修女子（可能為姊妹）在私人修道所內生活規戒以及基督教誨等訓誡文。《隱修女子規戒》詳細記載包括修院內規與外規與聖經裡的基督教條、七宗罪、七美德、主禱文等，以及修院裡關於隱修女嚴格守貞、每日生活起居、飲食、穿著、會客以及寵物飼養等戒律。此書提供了豐富的記載令後人能一窺中世紀貴族女子成為私人修道院裡靈修者的日常生活。特別的是，其文本的核心第四章裡頭對於遠離誘惑之訓誡以及關於天主教七宗罪的描述特別生動；作者先以動物意象比擬七個死罪，如「驕傲之獅」、「嫉妒之蛇」、「憤怒之獨角獸」、「懶散之熊」、「貪婪之狐」、「好吃之母豬」、「色慾之蠍」。再者，作者更進一步以寓意擬人化這些死罪成為地獄裡魔鬼宮廷中的大臣角色，細膩描寫這些角色樣貌以及七宗罪的特點合乎當時中世紀人們了解之「七宗罪」的印象，這些七宗罪魔鬼大臣的鮮明動物形象提供日後的英國詩人如威廉．朗格蘭（ William Langland）、愛德蒙．史賓賽（Edmund Spencer）、克里斯多福．馬婁（Christopher Marlow）以及劇作家們豐富的寫作題材。

B.   文本摘錄 Extracts (4-6 Pages)

The Author’s Preface

I the Feaderes ant i the Sunes ant i the Hali Gastes nome her biginneth Ancrene Wisse.
 
Recti diligunt te (in Canticis, sponsa ad sponsum). Est rectum gramaticum, rectum geometricum, rectum theologicum. Et sunt differencie totidem regularum. De recto theologico sermo nobis est, cuius regule due sunt: una circa cordis directionem. Altera versatur circa exteriorum rectificationem. Recti diligunt te.(6)
  
       "Laverd," seith Godes spuse to hire deore-wurthe spus, "the rihte luvieth the." Theo beoth rihte the luvieth efter riwle. Ant ye, mine leove sustren, habbeth moni dei i-cravet on me efter riwle. Monie cunne riwlen beoth, ah twa beoth bimong alle thet ich chulle speoken of thurh ower bone, with Godes grace. The an riwleth the heorte ant maketh
efne ant smethe, withute cnost ant dolc of woh in-wit ant of wreiyende, the segge “her thu sunegest!" other "this nis nawt i-bet yet ase wel as hit ahte!" Theos riwle is eaver in-with ant rihteth the heorte. Et hec est caritas, quam describit Apostulus: de corde puro et consciencia bona et fide non ficta. "Theos riwle is chearite of schir heorte ant cleane in-wit ant treowe bileave." Pretende, inquit Psalmista, misericoridam tuam scientibus te per fidem non fictam, et justiciam tuam - id est, uite
rectitudinem - hiis qui recto sunt corde - qui sunt omnes voluntates suas
dirigunt ad regulam divine voluntatis. Isti dicuntur boni anto[no]masice.
Psalmista: Benefac, Domine, bonis et rectis corde. Istis dicitur ut glorientur testimonio videlicet bone conscientie. Gloriamini omnes recti corde, quos scil-icet rectificavit regula illa supprema, rectificans omnia. De qua Augustinus: Nichil petendum preter regulam magisterii. Et Apostolus: Omnes in eadem regula permaneamus. The other riwle is al withuten ant riwleth the licome ant licomliche deden, the teacheth al hu me schal beoren him withuten, hu eoten, drinken, werien, singen, slepen, wakien. Et hec est exercitio corporis que, juxta apostolum, modi-cum valet, et est quasi regula recti mechanici quod geometri[c]o recto continetur. Ant theos riwle nis nawt bute for-te servi the other: the other is as leafdi, theos as hire thuften. For al thet me eaver deth of the other withuten nis bute for-te riwlin the heorte withinnen.(29)
      Nu easki ye hwet riwle ye ancren schulen halden. Ye schulen alles weis, with alle mihte ant strengthe, wel witen the inre, ant te uttre for hire sake. The inre is eaver i-lich; the uttre is mislich, for euch schal halden the uttre efter thet ha mei best, with hire servi the inre. Nu thenne is hit swa thet alle ancren mahen wel halden an riwle, quantum ad puritatem cordis, circa quam versatur tota religio. Thet is, alle mahen ant ahen
halden a riwle "onont purte of heorte" - thet is, cleane ant schir in-wit (conscientia), withuten weote of sunne thet ne beo thurh schrift i-bet. This maketh the leafdi riwle, the riwleth ant rihteth ant smetheth the heorte ant te in-wit of sunne, for nawt ne maketh hire woh bute sunne ane. Rihten hire ant smethin hire is of euch religiun ant of euch ordre the god ant al the strengthe. Theos riwle is i-maket nawt of monnes fundles, ah is of Godes heaste; for-thi ha is eaver ant an withute changunge, ant alle ahen hire in an eaver to halden. Ah alle ne mahe nawt halden a riwle, ne ne thurve nawt, ne ne ahe nawt halden on a wise the uttre riwle, quantum scilicet ad observantias corporales - thet is, "onont licomliche locunges" efter the uttre riwle, thet ich thuften cleopede, ant is monnes fundles, for na thing elles i-stald bute to servi the inre, the maketh feasten, wakien, calde ant hearde werien - swucche othre heardschipes thet moni fles mei tholien, moni ne mei nawt. For-thi mot theos changin hire misliche efter euch-anes manere ant efter hire evene. For sum is strong, sum unstrong, ant mei ful wel beo cwite ant paie Godd mid leasse. Sum is clergesse, sum nawt, ant mot te mare wurchen ant on other wise seggen hire bonen. Sum is ald ant ethelich ant is the leasse dred of. Sum is yung ant luvelich ant is neod betere warde. For-thi schal euch ancre habben the utter riwle efter hire schriftes read, ant hwet-se he bit ant hat hire in obedience, the cnaweth hire manere ant wat hire strengthe. He mei the uttre riwle changin efter wisdom as he sith, thet te inre mahe beo best i-halden. (53)  
       Nan ancre, bi mi read, ne schal makien professiun - thet is, bihaten ase heast -bute threo thinges: thet beoth obedience, chastete, ant stude steathel-vestnesse, thet hane schal thet stude neaver mare changin bute for nede ane, as strengthe ant deathes dred, obedience of hire bischop other of his herre. For hwa-se nimeth thing on hond ant bihat hit Godd as heast for-te don hit, ha bint hire ther-to, ant sunegeth deadliche i the
bruche, yef ha hit breketh willes. Yef ha hit ne bihat nawt, ha hit mei do thah ant leaven hwen ha wel wule, as of mete, of drunch, flesch forgan other fisch, alle other swucche thinges, of werunge, of liggunge, of ures, of othre beoden - segge swa monie other o swucche wise. Theos ant thulliche othre beoth alle i freo wil to don other to leten hwil me wule ant hwen me wule, bute ha beon bihaten. Ah chearite - thet is, luve - ant
eadmodnesse ant tholemodnesse, treoweschipe ant haldunge of the alde ten heastes, schrift ant penitence - theos ant thulliche othre, the beoth summe of the alde lahe, summe of the neowe, ne beoth nawt monnes fundles, ne riwle thet mon stalde, ah beoth Godes heastes. Ant for-thi euch mon mot ham nede halden, ant ye over alle, for theos riwleth the heorte. Of hire riwlunge is al meast thet ich write, bute i the frumthe of this boc ant i the leaste ende. The thinges thet ich write her of the uttre riwle, ye ham haldeth alle, mine leove sustren - ure Laverd beo i-thonket! - ant schulen thurh his grace se lengre se betere. Ant thah nulle ich nawt thet ye bihaten ham as heaste to halden, for as ofte as ye th'refter breken eni of ham, hit walde to swithe hurten ower heorte ant makien ow swa offearet, thet ye mahten sone - thet Godd forbeode ow! - fallen i desesperance - thet is, in an unhope ant an unbileave for-te beon i-borhen. For-thi thet ich write ow, mine leove sustren, of uttre thinges i the earste dale of ower boc, of ower servise, ant nomeliche i the leaste, ye ne schule nawt bihaten hit, ah habbeth hit on heorte ant doth hit as thah ye hit hefden bihaten.  (77)
      Yef ei unweote easketh ow of hwet ordre ye beon, as summe doth, ye telleth me -the siheth the gneat ant swolheth the flehe - ondswerieth "of Sein James," the wes Godes Apostel ant for his muchele halinesse i-cleopet Godes brother. Yef him thuncheth wunder ant sullich of swuch ondswere, easkith him hwet beo ordre, ant hwer he funde in Hali Writ religiun openluker descrivet ant i-sutelet then is i Sein James canonial epistel. He seith hwet is religiun, hwuch is riht ordre. Religio munda et immaculata apud Deum et Patrem hec est: visitare puppillos et viduas in necessitate sua et immaculatum se custodire ab hoc seculo. Thet is, "cleane religiun ant withute wem is i-seon ant helpen wydewen ant fe[der]lese children, ant from the world witen him cleane ant unwemmet." Thus Sein Jame descriveth religiun ant ordre. The leatere dale of his sahe limpeth to reclusen, for ther beoth twa dalen to twa manere the beoth of religiuse. To either limpeth his dale, as ye mahen i-heren: gode religiuse beoth i the world summe, nomeliche prelaz ant treowe preachurs, the habbeth the earre dale of thet Sein Jame seide, thet beoth, as he seith, the gath to helpen wydewen ant feaderlese children. The sawle is widewe the haveth forloren hire spus - thet is, Jesu Crist - with eni heaved sunne. The is alswa federles the haveth thurh his sunne forloren the feader of heovene. Gan i-seon thulliche ant elnin ham ant helpen with fode of hali lare - this is riht religiun, he seith, Sein Jame. The leatere dale of his sahe limpeth to ower religiun, as ich ear seide, the witeth ow from the worlt, over othre religiuse, cleane ant unwemmet. Thus the apostle Sein Jame, the descriveth religiun, nowther hwit ne blac ne nempneth he in his ordre. Ah moni siheth the gneat ant swolheth the flehe - thet is, maketh muche strengthe ther-as is the leaste. Pawel, the earste ancre, Antonie ant Arsenie, Makarie ant te othre, neren ha religiuse ant of Sein James ordre? Alswa Seinte Sare ant Seinte Sincletice, ant monie othre swucche, wepmen ba ant wummen, with hare greate matten ant hare hearde heren, neren ha of god ordre? "Ant hwether hwite other blake?” as unwise ow easkith, the weneth thet ordre sitte i the curtel. Godd wat, no-the-les ha weren wel bathe, nawt tah onont clathes, ah as Godes spuse singeth bi hire-seolven, Nigra sum set formosa. "Ich am blac ant tah hwit," ha seith - unseowlich withuten, schene withinnen. O this wise ondswerieth to the easkeres of ower ordre, hwether hwite other blake - seggeth ye beoth ba twa, thurh the grace of Godd, ant of Sein James ordre, thet he wrat leatere: Inmaculatum se custodire ab hoc seculo - thet is thet ich seide ear, "from the worlt witen him cleane ant unwemmet." Her-in is religiun nawt i the wide hod, ne in the blake cape, ne i the hwite rochet, ne i the greie cuvel. Ther-as monie beoth i-gederet togederes, ther for anrednesse me schal makie strengthe of annesse of clathes, ant of other-hwet of uttre thinges, thet te annesse withuten bitacni the annesse of a luve ant of a wil thet ha alle habbeth i-meane withinnen. With hare habit, thet is an, thet euch haveth swuch as other, ant alswa of other-hwet, ha yeiyeth thet ha habbeth alle togederes a luve ant a wil, euch alswuch as other. Loke thet ha ne lihen. Thus hit is i cuvent, ah hwer-se wummon liveth, other mon, bi him ane, hearmite other ancre, of thinges withuten hwer of scandle ne cume nis nawt muche strengthe. Hercne Michee: Indicabo tibi, O homo, quid sit bonum et quid Deus requirat a te, utique facere judicium et justiciam et sollicite ambulare cum Domino Deo tuo. "Ich chulle schawi the, mon," seith the hali Michee, Godes prophete - “Ich chulle schawi the sothliche hwet is god, ant hwuch religiun, ant hwuch ordre, hwuch halinesse Godd easketh of the" - low, this, understond hit - do wel ant dem wac eaver the-seolven, ant with dred ant with luve ga mid Godd ti Laverd. Ther-as theose thinges beoth, ther is riht religiun, ther is soth ordre. Ant do al thet other, ant lete this nis bute trichunge ant a fals gile. Ve vobis, scribe et pharisei, ypocrite, qui mundatis quod deforis est calicis et parapsidis. Intus autem pleni estis omni spurcicia simi-les sepulcris dealbatis. Al thet gode religiuse doth other werieth efter the uttre riwle, al togedere is her-vore, al nis bute ase tole to timbrin her-towart. Al nis bute as thuften to servi the leafdi to riwlin the heorte. (129)
      This an boc is todealet in eahte leasse bokes.  
    Nu, mine leove sustren, this boc ich todeale on eahte destinctiuns thet ye cleopieth "dalen." Ant euch withute monglunge speketh al bi him-seolf of sunderliche thinges, antthah euch-an riht falleth efter other, ant is the leatere eaver i-teiet to the earre.
- The earste dale speketh al of ower servise.
- The other is hu ye schulen thurh ower fif wittes witen ower heorte, thet ordre antreligiun ant sawle lif is inne. I this destinctiun aren chapitres five, as fif stuchen efter fif wittes, the witeth the heorte as wake-men, hwer-se ha beoth treowe, ant speketh of euch wit sunderlepes o rawe.
- The thridde dale is of anes cunnes fuheles the Davith i the Sawter eveneth him-seolfto as he were ancre, ant hu the cunde of the ilke fuheles beoth ancren i-liche.
- The feorthe dale is of fleschliche fondunges ant gasteliche bathe, ant confort ayeines ham ant of hare salven.
-The fifte dale is of schrift.
-The seste dale is of penitence.
-The seovethe of schir heorte, hwi me ah, ant hwi me schal Jesu Crist luvien, ant hwet binimeth us his luve ant let us him to luvien.
-The eahtuthe dale is al of the uttre riwle, earst of mete ant of drunch, ant of othre thinges thet falleth ther-abuten, th'refter of the thinges the ye mahen undervon ant hwet thinges ye mahen witen other habben, th'refter of ower clathes ant of swucche thinges as ther-abuten falleth, th'refter of ower werkes, of doddunge ant of blod-letunge, of ower meidnes riwle, aleast hu ye ham schulen leofliche learen.(151)